In many countries, credit history (also known as credit rating or credit score) is a documentation of a person's previous debts and repayments. It shows the time when certain loans were made and the time when the same are paid. It also gives information indicating the individual's tardiness when it comes to payments, or if he couldn't pay because of a bankruptcy filing.
A credit bureau records such information; and financing companies or credit card companies may look into this record to verify the worthiness of a borrower, or in some cases a company, to settle debts. So, lenders base their decision on the reputation of the borrower when it comes to paying monetary obligations. The borrower's reputation also dictates the possible Annual Percentage Rate (APR) that lenders might charge him for giving him a loan.
A credit score is a numerical value representing that person's credit worthiness. Typically, a credit score of 650 or higher is good. Anything over 750 is considered superior credit. A person is considered very risky by lenders if he has a bad credit score. A low credit rating reduces a borrower's chances of getting loans, and if he does get a loan, it wouldn't be the best terms (e.g., very high interest rates). So, in this case, before applying for a loan, it may be beneficial to learn how to improve credit score
Let's talk about issues regarding credit rating computation. Although different countries have different means of ascertaining a person's credit rating, they consider similar factors, such as:
The individual's delinquency. If the borrower is often late, then it causes the re-aging or the issuance of a new credit history because he chronically fails to pay his debts on the time specified. Paying on time is one way to improve bad credit score.
The person's constancy and conscientiousness Signals showing the borrower's sense of responsibility is one thing that the lender looks out for. The duration of his stay with a particular employer is one indicator. Other signals include the borrower's ability to pay his bills and whether or not the payment is on time.
The person's self-control. The lenders will most likely entertain the borrowers who show that they can manage their finances well. Therefore, a borrower should show that he is living within the limits of his budget. If the lender finds out that the individual normally exceeds his/her limits, then the latter's credit rating decreases.
Inquiries made into the individual's credit. If it was demonstrated that many of the inquiries on the borrower's credit were made by lenders, it may cause a decrease on the individual's credit score. Many hard inquiries on one's account may show that the borrower looked for loans many times already.
Now, let's talk about obtaining a credit report for free. In the United States, there are 3 credit reporting agencies that provide an individual with a free credit report annually. These companies are Equifax, Experian and TransUnion. Their service is made available online through the site, www.annualcreditreport.com. You can request a copy of your credit report from each credit reporting agencies without cost at least once every year. It's a good idea to check your credit rating every four months or so to make sure the information in your credit record is right.
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